Forge2D¶
We (the Flame organization) maintain a ported version of the Box2D physics engine and our version is called Forge2D.
If you want to use Forge2D specifically for Flame you should use our bridge library flame_forge2d and if you just want to use it in a Dart project you can use the forge2d library directly.
To use it in your game you just need to add flame_forge2d
to your
pubspec.yaml
, as can be seen in the [Forge2D
example
and the pub. dev installation
instructions](https://pub.dev/packages/flame_forge2d).
Forge2DGame¶
If you are going to use Forge2D in your project it can be a good idea to use the Forge2D-specific
FlameGame
class, Forge2DGame
.
It is called Forge2DGame
and it will control the adding and removal of Forge2D’s BodyComponents
as well as your normal components.
In Forge2DGame
the Camera
has a zoom level set to 10 by default, so your components will be a
lot bigger than in a normal Flame game. This is due to the speed limit in the Forge2D
world, which
you would hit very quickly if you are using it with zoom = 1.0
. You can easily change the zoom
level either by calling super(zoom: yourZoom)
in your constructor or doing game.camera.zoom = yourZoom;
at a later stage.
If you are previously familiar with Box2D it can be good to know that the whole concept of the
Box2d world is mapped to world
in the Forge2DGame
component and every Body
that you want to
use as a component should be wrapped in a BodyComponent
, and added to your Forge2DGame
.
You can have for example a HUD and other non-physics-related components in your Forge2DGame
’s
component list along with your physical entities. When the update is called, it will use the Forge2D
physics engine to properly update every BodyComponent
and other components in the game will be
updated according to the normal FlameGame
way.
In Forge2DGame
the gravity is flipped compared to Forge2D
to keep the same coordinate system as
in Flame, so a positive y-axis in the gravity like Vector2(0, 10)
would be pulling bodies
downwards, meanwhile, a negative y-axis would pull them upwards. The gravity can be set directly in
the constructor of the Forge2DGame
.
A simple Forge2DGame
implementation example can be seen in the
examples folder.
BodyComponent¶
The BodyComponent
is a wrapper for the Forge2D
body, which is the body that the physics engine
is interacting with. To create a BodyComponent
you need to override createBody()
and create and
return your created body.
The BodyComponent
is by default having renderBody = true
, since otherwise, it wouldn’t show
anything after you have created a Body
and added the BodyComponent
to the game. If you want to
turn it off you can just set (or override) renderBody
to false.
Just like any other Flame component you can add children to the BodyComponent
, which can be very
useful if you want to add for example animations or other components on top of your body.
The body that you create in createBody
should be defined according to Flame’s coordinate system,
not according to the coordinate system of Forge2D (where the Y-axis is flipped).
Contact callbacks¶
Forge2DGame
provides a simple out-of-the-box solution to propagate contact events.
Contact events occur whenever two Fixture
s meet each other. These events allow listening when
these Fixture
s begin to come in contact (beginContact
) and cease being in contact
(endContact
).
There are multiple ways to listen to these events. One common way is to use the ContactCallbacks
class as a mixin in the BodyComponent
where you are interested in these events.
class Ball extends BodyComponent with ContactCallbacks {
...
void beginContact(Object other, Contact contact) {
if (other is Wall) {
// Do something here.
}
}
...
}
For the above to work, the Ball
’s body.userData
or contacting fixture.userData
must be
set to a ContactCallback
. And if Wall
is a BodyComponent
it’s body.userData
or contacting
fixture.userData
must be set to Wall
.
If userData
is null
the contact events are ignored, it is null
by default.
A convenient way of setting userData
is to assign it when creating the body. For example:
class Ball extends BodyComponent with ContactCallbacks {
...
@override
Body createBody() {
...
final bodyDef = BodyDef(
userData: this,
);
...
}
}
Every time Ball
and Wall
begin to come in contact beginContact
will be called, and once the
fixtures cease being in contact, endContact
will be called.
An implementation example can be seen in the Flame Forge2D example.
Forge2DCamera.followBodyComponent¶
Just like with normal PositionComponent
s you can make the Forge2DCamera
follow BodyComponent
s
by calling camera.followBodyComponent(...)
which works the same as
camera.followComponent. When you want to
stop following a BodyComponent
you should call camera.unfollowBodyComponent
.